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Post-COVID-19 hematologic complications: a systematic review
Sam Alahyari1, Milad Moradi1, Mohsen Rajaeinejad2
1Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Post-COVID complications can affect blood health, including dangerous blood clots and low platelets. Research is ongoing to identify and prevent these hematologic issues in patients recovering from COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has led to various post-disease complications.
- Limited studies have documented the hematologic sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Comprehensive assessment of these complications is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and assess the spectrum of post-COVID-19 hematologic complications.
- To identify the frequency and types of hematologic issues observed after COVID-19.
- To understand the clinical implications and outcomes of these complications.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 2020 to August 2021.
- Keywords related to COVID-19 and hematologic complications were utilized.
- Data extraction and evaluation were performed by two independent researchers.
Main Results:
- Sixty-five articles detailing post-COVID hematologic complications were analyzed.
- Thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) were the most frequent complications.
- Other reported complications included immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), hemolytic anemia, and aplastic anemia.
- These findings suggest that post-COVID hematologic issues extend beyond thrombotic events.
Conclusions:
- Post-COVID-19 hematologic complications are diverse and include thromboembolic events, immune thrombocytopenia, and rare anemias.
- While some complications are infrequent, they highlight the systemic impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Future research should focus on identifying at-risk patients and developing preventive strategies for these hematologic sequelae.
Introduction:
COVID-19 crisis continues around the world. Some patients developed complications after the disease, which have been reported in limited studies. The aim of this study is to comprehensively assess the post-COVID hematologic complications in patients.
Areas Covered:
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar between January 2020 and August 2021 using related keywords. Evaluation of the article was performed by two independent researchers. The extracted data included the number of patients, age, type of hematological complication, duration of follow-up, response to treatment and prognosis.
Expert Opinion:
Sixty-five articles reported post-COVID hematologic complications. The most frequent hematologic complication in COVID-19 patients is thromboembolic events, which often occur in two forms: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In a group of patients after the diagnosis of COVID-19, a significant decrease in platelets was observed, which was attributed to the ITP induced by COVID-19. Hemolytic anemia and aplastic anemia have also been reported rarely in patients. Finally, post-COVID hematologic complications appear to go beyond thromboembolic events. Although these complications have rarely been reported, searching for methods to identify susceptible patients and prevent these complications could be the subject of future research.
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