Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 25, 2026
Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
Published on: January 13, 2017
Tolerance's improvement of flexible bronchoscopy by Ericksonian hypnosis: The BREATH study
L Portel1, A Perel1, L Masson1
1Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier Robert-Boulin, 112, rue de la Marne, BP 199, 33505 Libourne, France.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of Ericksonian hypnosis may allow an improvement of the tolerance of flexible bronchoscopy.
Methods:
A comparative, two parallel-group, prospective, randomized monocentric clinical trial was conducted. After randomization, patients were divided into two groups: a standard group, in which bronchoscopy was performed according to the official French good practice guidelines and a study group, in which bronchoscopy was performed under hypnosis.
Results:
Sixty-seven patients were included, 7 patients were excluded and 60 patients were randomized. No significant differences in age, gender, examination indication and duration were observed between both groups. Two patients of the standard group removed the endoscope by themselves, resulting in a premature termination of bronchoscopy and they were excluded from the statistical analysis. In the standard group, the levels of anxiety, cough, dyspnoea and pain increased during the examination and the addition of local anaesthesia was more often required. In the hypnosis group, levels of anxiety, cough, dyspnoea decreased, whereas only the level of pain increased. There was a statistic significative difference in favour of hypnosis for all the other variables. Moreover, the behaviour score was higher in the standard group: 19.5±14.5 versus 7.3±4.7 (P<0.001), indicating a better tolerance in the hypnosis group. In the standard group, 14 patients refused a new examination under the same conditions versus 7 in the hypnosis group, and 12 patients asked for general anaesthesia in case of a new examination versus 7 in the hypnosis group.
Conclusion:
This randomised control trial is the first to test the faisability and the potential usefulness of Ericksonian hypnosis during flexible bronchoscopy. Our results indicates an improvement of tolerance and a positive effect on all studied parameters except pain. This method could be widely offered to all patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:30Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
01:26Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
01:15Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
01:30Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques