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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Targeting Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Free-floating Immunofluorescence Assay
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Peripheral neuropathy in sarcoidosis.

Jinny Tavee1

  • 1Division of Neurology, National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80209, USA.

Journal of Neuroimmunology
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral nerve disorders in sarcoidosis include granulomatous neuropathy and small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Recognizing and treating these distinct conditions early improves patient outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords:
Granulomatous neuropathyIVIGSarcoidosis neuropathySarcoidosis small fiber neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis can affect peripheral nerves through granulomatous or small fiber neuropathy (SFN).
  • Granulomatous neuropathy is rare, while SFN affects over 40% of systemic sarcoidosis cases.
  • These neuropathies present differently and require distinct diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between granulomatous neuropathy and SFN in sarcoidosis.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for each type of neuropathy.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for sarcoidosis-related nerve disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sarcoidosis and peripheral nerve involvement.
  • Analysis of pathological differences between granulomatous and non-granulomatous neuropathies.
  • Comparison of clinical presentations and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Granulomatous neuropathy typically presents as distal symmetric polyneuropathy or asymmetric polyradiculoneuropathy and responds to corticosteroids.
  • Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) often manifests as non-length dependent pain and paresthesias.
  • SFN may improve with treatments like intravenous immune globulin or infliximab.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of sarcoidosis neuropathy types is crucial.
  • Tailored treatment based on neuropathy type can enhance patient outcomes.
  • Effective management of sarcoidosis nerve disorders improves quality of life.