Renal endometriosis: A benign disease with malignant presentation

Area of Science:

• Gynecology
• Urology
• Pathology

Background:

• Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
• Urinary tract involvement is an uncommon manifestation of endometriosis.
• Renal endometriosis, specifically, is a rare condition often presenting diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

• A young female patient presented with symptoms suggestive of a renal mass.
• Initial imaging studies indicated a tumor in the kidney.
• The patient underwent a radical surgical procedure for the presumed renal tumor.

Findings:

• Histological examination of the resected kidney tissue revealed endometriosis.
• The imaging diagnosis of a malignant renal tumor was incorrect.
• The case underscores the difficulty in diagnosing renal endometriosis preoperatively.

Implications:

• Renal endometriosis can mimic malignant renal disease on imaging.
• Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary and invasive surgical interventions.
• Increased awareness and consideration of renal endometriosis in differential diagnoses are crucial for appropriate patient management.