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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
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Heart Rate Variability Reveals Altered Autonomic Regulation in Response to Myocardial Infarction in Experimental

Emanuele Pizzo1, Silvia Berrettoni1, Ridhima Kaul1

  • 1Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.

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Myocardial infarction in rodents alters heart rhythm dynamics, mimicking human responses to autonomic nervous system changes. Mouse strain significantly impacts heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in cardiovascular research.

Keywords:
autonomic regulation of heartelectrocardiogramheart rate variability (HRV)mousemyocardial infarction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Animal Models in Medicine

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis reflects autonomic nervous system modulation of cardiac function.
  • In myocardial infarction (MI) patients, altered HRV correlates with arrhythmias and mortality.
  • Rodent models are crucial for understanding autonomic dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if rodent MI models replicate human HRV dynamics.
  • To assess the validity of these models for studying autonomic function mechanisms.
  • To investigate the influence of genetic background on HRV post-MI.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocardiograms (ECG) were used to measure HRV in two mouse lines (Homozygous and Heterozygous for MerCreMer transgene).
  • Measurements were taken in naive mice and at 3-28 days post-myocardial infarction (MI) induced by coronary artery ligation.
  • Pharmacological interventions targeting sympathetic and parasympathetic axes were employed.

Main Results:

  • Naive heterozygous mice exhibited prolonged RR intervals and significantly higher HRV compared to homozygous mice.
  • Post-MI, homozygous mice showed increased RR interval duration, while heterozygous mice did not.
  • Heterozygous mice experienced a substantial reduction in HRV post-MI, unlike homozygous mice with minor changes.
  • Ex vivo studies indicated intrinsic RR interval changes in infarcted hearts but no alteration in variation.

Conclusions:

  • Rodent MI models recapitulate human-like alterations in heart rhythm dynamics, indicating sympathoexcitation and parasympathetic withdrawal.
  • Mouse strain is a critical factor influencing autonomic function assessment through HRV analysis.
  • These findings validate rodent models for investigating the link between autonomic function and cardiovascular conditions.