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Interplay between cell height variations and planar pulsations in epithelial monolayers.

Raghavan Thiagarajan1,2,3,4, Mandar M Inamdar5, Daniel Riveline6,7,8,9

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Tissue shape changes are driven by cell coordination, but scale emergence is unclear. This study reveals how cell height variations in epithelial monolayers generate pulsatile dynamics and coordinate tissue-wide length scales.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Tissue dynamics

Background:

  • Biological tissues dynamically change shape through collective cell behaviors.
  • Precise coordination of cell activities is crucial for morphogenetic events.
  • The mechanisms establishing length and time scales in tissue dynamics are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of length and time scales in biological tissue dynamics.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind pulsatile dynamics in confluent epithelial monolayers.
  • To explore the role of cell mechanics and monolayer thickness in coordinating tissue-scale behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of pulsatile domains in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial monolayers.
  • Analysis of cell contraction and extension cycles.
  • Development and application of a continuum model incorporating cell stiffness-dependent height variations.

Main Results:

  • MDCK monolayers exhibit synchronous cell contraction and extension cycles with specific durations and length scales.
  • Monolayer thickness varies significantly (more than twofold) to accommodate incompressible cytoplasm dynamics.
  • Cell stiffness-dependent height variations were critical for generating temporal pulsations and defining domain size.

Conclusions:

  • A feedback mechanism between monolayer height and cell mechanics is proposed to be essential for coordinating tissue dynamics.
  • This height-mechanics feedback is critical for generating temporal pulsations and establishing domain size in epithelial tissues.
  • The findings offer insights into how biological tissues coordinate length scales during development and other dynamic processes.