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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Progress in understanding crystallisation: a personal perspective.

Sarah L Price1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. s.l.price@ucl.ac.uk.

Faraday Discussions
|May 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Our understanding of crystallization has evolved significantly. Once thought to be well-understood, scientists now recognize its profound complexity after forty years of research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Crystallization was widely considered a well-understood phenomenon in the 1980s.
  • A recent discussion meeting revealed a prevailing sentiment that crystallization is not fully understood.
  • This highlights a significant shift in scientific perspective over recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reflect on the evolution of scientific understanding regarding crystallization.
  • To assess the progress made in appreciating the complexities of crystallization processes.
  • To provide a personal perspective on the changing scientific consensus over forty years.

Main Methods:

  • The study is based on a personal reflection of the author.
  • It draws upon the outcomes and sentiments expressed during a dedicated Discussion meeting.
  • It involves a retrospective analysis of scientific perspectives over a forty-year period.

Main Results:

  • A notable shift in understanding crystallization has occurred.
  • Participants in the Discussion meeting expressed a lack of complete comprehension of crystallization.
  • This contrasts with the perceived understanding of crystallization in the 1980s.

Conclusions:

  • The complexity of crystallization is now more deeply appreciated than in the past.
  • There has been substantial progress in recognizing the intricacies of crystallization.
  • Further research is implied to fully grasp the phenomenon of crystallization.