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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

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Published on: December 20, 2024

Differing Bilateral Benefits for Spatial Release From Masking and Sound Localization Accuracy Using Bone Conduction

Fatima M Denanto^1,2, Jeremy Wales^1,2, Bo Tideholm^1,3

¹Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Ear and Hearing

|May 19, 2022

Summary

Bilateral bone conduction device (BCD) stimulation offers a small but significant benefit for speech understanding in noise and improves sound localization in individuals with simulated conductive hearing loss. This suggests bilateral BCDs can enhance spatial hearing for some patients.

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Area of Science:

Audiology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Normal binaural hearing is crucial for spatial hearing and everyday listening tasks.
Bone conduction devices (BCD) can help conductive hearing loss but may cause unpredictable interaural differences due to transcranial transmission.
Limited transcranial attenuation in BCDs leads to cross-stimulation of both cochleae.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare spatial hearing abilities with unilateral and bilateral BCD stimulation.
To investigate the impact of simulated bilateral conductive hearing loss on spatial hearing with BCDs.
To evaluate speech recognition and sound localization performance in normal-hearing listeners with BCDs.

Main Methods:

25 normal-hearing subjects with induced bilateral conductive hearing loss participated.
A within-subject design compared unilateral and bilateral BCD stimulation using Baha 5 sound processors.
Speech-in-speech recognition and horizontal sound localization tasks were performed.

Main Results:

Bilateral BCD stimulation showed a statistically significant but small benefit for speech recognition in noise.
Spatial release from masking was similar for unilateral and bilateral BCD conditions.
A distinct bilateral BCD benefit for sound localization was observed, varying with stimulus type; unilateral BCD localization was poor.

Conclusions:

Transcranial transmission of bone-conducted sound influences bilateral BCD benefits for spatial sound processing.
Bilateral BCD fitting may benefit patients with bilateral conductive hearing loss, especially for horizontal sound localization.
Further research is needed to fully understand the complex effects of bilateral BCDs on spatial hearing.