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Development of a GPU-superposition Monte Carlo code for fast dose calculation in magnetic fields.

Yongbao Li1, Wenzhao Sun1, Hongdong Liu1

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A new graphics processing unit (GPU) based superposition Monte Carlo (SMC) code, gSMC, accurately calculates radiation doses in magnetic fields. This efficient code is suitable for advanced radiotherapy applications like MR-LINAC.

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MR-LINACgraphics processing unitsuperposition Monte Carlovariance reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Accurate dose calculation is crucial for radiotherapy.
  • Magnetic fields in MR-LINACs complicate dose calculations.
  • Existing Monte Carlo codes can be computationally intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a GPU-based superposition Monte Carlo (SMC) code (gSMC) for efficient and accurate dose calculation in magnetic fields.
  • To assess the accuracy and efficiency of gSMC compared to established methods like EGSnrc.
  • To enable advanced radiotherapy techniques requiring rapid dose calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed gSMC by extending SMC physics for charged particle transport in magnetic fields and programming it on a GPU.
  • Simulated mono-energy photons using EGSnrc to create a particle tracks database.
  • Implemented variance reduction techniques (photon splitting, particle track repeating) to optimize simulation and mitigate thread divergence.

Main Results:

  • gSMC demonstrated high accuracy in dose calculations in phantoms with and without magnetic fields (B=0 T and B=1.5 T), achieving <1.0% RMSE compared to EGSnrc.
  • Patient case validation showed excellent agreement with EGSnrc, with >97% 3D gamma passing rate (2%/2 mm).
  • gSMC achieved a significant efficiency gain of 186-304x over EGSnrc with 10 CPU threads.

Conclusions:

  • The developed gSMC code provides accurate and efficient dose calculations in the presence of magnetic fields.
  • gSMC's performance makes it a valuable tool for online adaptive radiotherapy, particularly for MR-LINAC systems.
  • This advancement supports the clinical implementation of MR-guided radiotherapy by improving dose calculation capabilities.