Thrombosis within the left anterior descending coronary artery and left ventricle after high-dose nitrous oxide use

We present a man in his 30s with acute anterior myocardial infarction due to thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and subsequent left ventricular thrombus formation after high-dose recreational use of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Initial questioning for use of illicit substances was negative, but low vitamin B₁₂ levels and severely elevated homocysteine levels prompted us to interrogate for the use of laughing gas. On questioning, the patient admitted to have used this substance, which he presumed to be innocent. Neither percutaneous coronary intervention with balloon dilatation nor intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, nor continuous use of anticoagulation and double antiplatelet therapy resulted in thrombus resolution. Due to a severely reduced left ventricular function, despite 3 months on heart failure therapy, the patient is being counselled for intracardiac defibrillator implantation. We conclude that N₂O, notably when consumed in conjunction with other proatherogenic substances, is associated with thrombosis: a relation possibly mediated by severe hyperhomocysteinaemia.