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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

8.8K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.6K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.6K
Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

5.9K
In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
5.9K
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

85.1K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
85.1K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

7.3K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
7.3K
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

3.2K
Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

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Phosphoinositides as membrane organizers.

York Posor1, Wonyul Jang1, Volker Haucke2

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|May 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Phosphoinositides, crucial signalling lipids, regulate membrane dynamics in cells. Recent research highlights their expanded roles in vesicular traffic, autophagy, and organelle communication, impacting cell physiology and disease.

More Related Videos

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a key phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes.
  • Initially known for cell signalling, they are now recognized as central regulators of membrane dynamics.
  • Recent advancements have significantly expanded the understanding of phosphoinositide biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics.
  • To provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
  • To highlight the broad impact of phosphoinositides on cell physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on phosphoinositide biology.
  • Analysis of phosphoinositide roles in endocytic and exocytic routes.
  • Examination of phosphoinositide involvement in autophagy, endolysosomal system, and membrane contact sites.

Main Results:

  • Phosphoinositides direct vesicular traffic by coupling it to their conversion.
  • Emerging roles in autophagy and the endolysosomal system are reshaping lysosome biology.
  • Non-vesicular lipid, ion, and metabolite exchange at membrane contact sites is phosphoinositide-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoinositides are critical integrators of membrane dynamics, influencing all aspects of cell physiology.
  • Their regulation is complex and involves diverse cellular processes, including trafficking, autophagy, and inter-organelle communication.
  • Understanding phosphoinositide function is crucial for comprehending cell physiology and disease pathogenesis.