Ankle arthroscopic portals and intra-articular anatomy

This article will attempt to detail the surface and intra-articular anatomy of the ankle. The surface anatomy will highlight the ankle capsule, tendons, and neurovascular structures surrounding the ankle. The intra-articular anatomy will detail those structures, such as articular surfaces and intra-capsular ligaments that will be visualized through the arthroscope. The five entry portals (three anterior and two posterior) will be described. The purpose is to familiarize the reader with surface anatomy of the ankle to allow accurate placement of the arthroscope. This will decrease the risk of iatrogenic complications and improve the chances of intra-articular visualization of pathology. Thus, awareness of normal anatomy will enable better recognition of pathology.