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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Brønsted-Lowry acid-base chemistry is the transfer of protons; thus, logic suggests a relation between the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. The strength of an acid or base is quantified in its ionization constant, Ka or Kb, which represents the extent of the acid or base ionization reaction. For the conjugate acid-base pair HA / A−, the ionization equilibrium equations and ionization constant expressions are
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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
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Hydroxide-Stable Ionenes.

Andrew G Wright1, Steven Holdcroft1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 20, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel, stable poly(benzimidazolium) ionomer for fuel cells and electrolyzers. This new material exhibits excellent hydroxide stability and processability, crucial for advanced energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Developing stable ionomers for fuel cells and electrolyzers is critical.
  • Hydroxide ion-exchange materials are needed for efficient energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel, sterically protected poly(benzimidazole) derivative.
  • To create a hydroxide-stable, processable ionomer for energy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Steric protection using a hexamethyl-p-terphenylene group.
  • Controlled N-methylation via a scalable, air-insensitive procedure.
  • Characterization of polymer properties, including solubility and ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • An unprecedented hydroxide-stable, methanol-soluble, and water-insoluble poly(benzimidazolium) ionene was synthesized.
  • The polymer exhibits solubility in aqueous ethanol, enabling catalyst layer processing.
  • Anionic conductivity of 9.7 ± 0.6 mS cm⁻¹ was achieved at 92% methylation.
  • Water uptake and ionic conductivity correlate with the degree of methylation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel poly(benzimidazolium) ionene offers a promising solution for hydroxide-based fuel cells and electrolyzers.
  • The material's processability and stability are advantageous for catalyst layer applications.
  • The observed atropisomerism of the hexamethyl-p-terphenylene unit warrants further investigation for its impact on physical properties.