Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Errors in Global Positioning System

Errors in Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:

Barriers to Effective Communication I

Barriers to Effective Communication I

A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this...

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.

Parallel RLC Circuits

Parallel RLC Circuits

Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
A simplified parallel RLC circuit model with a DC input source generating a step response is employed in this context. When the switch is turned on, Kirchhoff's current law is applied, leading to a second-order differential equation.

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Protocol-Agnostic Meta Key Distribution for Encrypted Wireless Communications Enabled by Space-Time-Coding Metasurface.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

Hunting Network Anomalies in a Railway Axle Counter System.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Same author

Protection Schemes in HPON Networks Based on the PWFBA Algorithm.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same author

Insights into the Issue of Deploying a Private LoRaWAN.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same author

Application Perspective on Cybersecurity Testbed for Industrial Control Systems.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Generator of Slow Denial-of-Service Cyber Attacks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Published on: May 2, 2018

LoRaWAN Physical Layer-Based Attacks and Countermeasures, A Review.

Henri Ruotsalainen¹, Guanxiong Shen², Junqing Zhang²

¹Institute of IT Security Research, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Campus-Platz 1, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 20, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores LoRaWAN physical layer security, detailing vulnerabilities and countermeasures for low-power IoT devices. It highlights physical layer techniques to enhance LoRaWAN security and identifies future research directions.

Keywords:

LoRaWAN hardware security physical layer security vulnerabilities

More Related Videos

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible

Published on: May 13, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Published on: May 2, 2018

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible

Published on: May 13, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Cybersecurity
Wireless Communication
Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

LoRaWAN is a popular low-power, long-range wireless protocol for IoT applications.
Security is a growing concern for LoRaWAN nodes, which have limited computational and communication resources.
Physical layer security offers potential solutions for enhancing LoRaWAN node integrity and robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of LoRaWAN physical layer security.
To analyze vulnerabilities, countermeasures, and security-enhancing features at the physical layer.
To identify research gaps and future directions in LoRaWAN physical layer security.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on LoRaWAN physical layer security.
Analysis of vulnerabilities and proposed countermeasures.
Discussion of security-enhancing techniques like attack detection, key refreshment, and device authentication.

Main Results:

Identified various vulnerabilities in the LoRaWAN physical layer.
Reviewed existing countermeasures and security-enhancing features.
Discussed the impact of physical layer security on overall LoRaWAN security.

Conclusions:

Physical layer security is crucial for improving LoRaWAN node security, especially for resource-constrained devices.
Further research is needed to address identified vulnerabilities and explore new security-enhancing techniques.
Promising future research directions include advanced attack detection and robust authentication mechanisms.