Roadside Unit Deployment in Internet of Vehicles Systems: A Survey

Area of Science:

• Computer Science
• Electrical Engineering
• Telecommunications

Background:

• The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to enhance road safety and vehicle security by meeting digital demands.
• Highly dynamic network topology in IoV causes transmission discontinuities, a significant challenge.
• Roadside Units (RSUs) are vital infrastructure components for providing continuous transmission coverage and connectivity in IoV.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct an in-depth survey of Roadside Unit (RSU) deployment strategies in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks.
• To analyze research trends, compare existing RSU deployment schemes (static and dynamic), and discuss networking metrics.
• To identify challenges in balancing IoV performance, cost, and Quality of Service (QoS) for optimal vehicle service coverage.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of RSU deployment in IoV.
• Categorization of RSU deployment into static and dynamic approaches.
• Comparative analysis of existing RSU placement schemes and relevant networking metrics.

Main Results:

• RSU performance is significantly influenced by factors including road geometry, segment characteristics (e.g., accident-prone areas), wireless access methods, mobility models, and spatio-temporal vehicle distribution.
• Both static and dynamic RSU deployment strategies have distinct strengths and limitations.
• A trade-off exists between IoV performance and deployment cost when determining optimal RSU placement for desired QoS.

Conclusions:

• The effectiveness of RSU placement solutions is context-dependent, requiring careful consideration of environmental and operational factors.
• Further research is needed to address the complexities of RSU deployment for enhanced IoV services.
• Future research directions include exploring advanced placement algorithms and adaptive strategies for dynamic RSU deployment.