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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

963
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
963
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

829
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
829

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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

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A Calibration-Free pH Sensor Using an In-Situ Modified Ir Electrode for Bespoke Application in Seawater.

Yuqi Chen1, Richard Compton1

  • 1Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A novel calibration-free pH sensor utilizes an in situ modified iridium electrode for seawater applications. This sensor achieves high sensitivity and a "super-Nernstian" response, eliminating the need for recalibration.

Keywords:
Ir electrodecalibration-freein-situ modificationpH sensorseawater

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Accurate pH monitoring is crucial for marine environments.
  • Existing pH sensors often require frequent calibration, limiting their field applicability.
  • Iridium electrodes exhibit unique electrochemical properties relevant to sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a calibration-free pH sensor for seawater using an in situ modified iridium electrode.
  • To investigate the electrochemical behavior and pH sensitivity of modified iridium surfaces.
  • To achieve a high-sensitivity,
  • super-Nernstian
  • pH response.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical characterization of iridium wire in synthetic seawater.
  • In situ modification of the iridium electrode surface.
  • Linear sweep voltammetry and square wave voltammetry for analyzing amperometric properties.
  • Identification of pH-sensitive redox couples: Ir(III/IV), IrOxOI-/IrOxOII-H, and Hupd/H+.

Main Results:

  • Formation of pH-sensitive surface layers on the iridium electrode.
  • Observation of three pH-sensitive redox couples.
  • Demonstration of a
  • super-Nernstian
  • pH response (>60 mV per pH unit) for the Ir(III/IV) couple.
  • Optimized sensor exhibited a pH dependency of 70.1 ± 1.4 mV per pH unit at 25 °C.

Conclusions:

  • A bespoke, calibration-free pH sensor for seawater has been successfully developed.
  • The sensor leverages the unique electrochemical properties of modified iridium electrodes.
  • The high sensitivity and
  • super-Nernstian
  • response offer a significant advancement for in situ seawater pH monitoring.