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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Calculating areas within irregular boundaries, such as along rivers or curved roads, is crucial in various fields, including surveying, engineering, and environmental management. Surveyors often begin by creating a traverse, a connected series of straight lines approximating the area's boundary. The coordinates of each traverse point are essential for calculating the enclosed area. The double meridian distance formula is a widely used technique for this purpose. This method utilizes the...
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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Adjusting a Traverse01:12

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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

A Video Surveillance System to Monitor Breeding Colonies of Common Terns Sterna Hirundo
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Perimeter Intrusion Detection by Video Surveillance: A Survey.

Devashish Lohani1,2, Carlos Crispim-Junior1, Quentin Barthélemy2

  • 1Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 2, CNRS, INSA Lyon, UCBL, LIRIS, UMR5205, F-69676 Bron, France.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study mathematically defines perimeter intrusion detection (PID) and its systems (PIDS) for visual surveillance. It reviews existing methods and proposes a standardized evaluation protocol for real-world applications.

Keywords:
i-LIDSoutdoor environmentperimeter intrusion detectionreal-time analysisvideo surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Surveillance Systems

Background:

  • Vision-based applications are rapidly advancing, yet perimeter intrusion detection (PID) lacks formal definition.
  • Existing perimeter intrusion detection systems (PIDS) have vague definitions impacting method evaluation.
  • Unauthorized object detection in protected outdoor sites is crucial for security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically define perimeter intrusion detection (PID).
  • To review existing PID methods, datasets, and evaluation protocols.
  • To propose a suitable evaluation protocol for real-life PIDS applications.

Main Methods:

  • Formal mathematical definition of perimeter intrusion detection.
  • Comprehensive review of current PIDS literature, datasets, and evaluation metrics.
  • Development and proposal of a standardized evaluation protocol for PIDS.

Main Results:

  • A precise mathematical definition for PID is established.
  • Existing PIDS methods are critically reviewed against the new definition.
  • A novel, practical evaluation protocol for real-world PIDS is presented.

Conclusions:

  • A formal definition is essential for advancing perimeter intrusion detection research.
  • Standardized evaluation protocols are necessary for reliable PIDS performance assessment.
  • The proposed framework facilitates better evaluation of PIDS in real-world scenarios.