Cu(C₃H₃N₃S₃)₃ Adsorption onto ZnTiO₃/TiO₂ for Coordination-Complex Sensitized Photochemical Applications

Currently, the design of highly efficient materials for photochemical applications remains a challenge. In this study, an efficient semiconductor was prepared, based on a coordination complex (Cu-TTC) of Cu(I) and trithiocyanuric acid on ZnTiO₃/TiO₂ (ZTO/TO). The Cu-TTC/ZTO/TO composite was prepared by the solvothermal method at room temperature. The structural, optical, and electrochemical characteristics, as well as the photocatalytic performance of the composite, were experimentally and computationally studied. The results show that the Cu-TTC/ZTO/TO composite efficiently extended its photoresponse in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electrochemistry of the proposed tautomeric architecture (s-Cu-TTC) clearly reveals the presence of metal-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and π → π* excitations. The maximum methylene blue (MB) dye photodegradation efficiency of 95% in aqueous solutions was achieved under the illumination of simulated solar light. Finally, computational calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method were performed to determine the electronic properties of the s-Cu-TTC tautomeric structure and clarify the adsorption mechanism of this complex on the surface (101) of both ZnTiO₃ and TiO₂ oxides. The results obtained allow us to suggest that the Cu-TTC complex is an effective charge carrier and that the Cu-TTC/ZTO/TO composite can be used efficiently for photochemical applications.