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C3 nephritic factor determination. A comparison between two methods.

M López-Trascasa, M A Marín, G Fontán

    Journal of Immunological Methods
    |April 2, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new hemolytic assay (HA) offers a more specific and reproducible method for detecting C3 nephritic factor (NEF) autoantibodies compared to traditional assays. This sensitive assay aids in diagnosing complement-related kidney diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nephrology
    • Complement System

    Background:

    • C3 nephritic factor (NEF) is an IgG autoantibody targeting the alternative pathway C3 convertase.
    • Traditional measurement via crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CI) has limitations in specificity and reproducibility.
    • A reliable hemolytic assay (HA) was previously described by Rother (1982).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the reliability and specificity of the hemolytic assay (HA) for C3 nephritic factor (NEF) detection.
    • To compare the performance of HA with crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CI).
    • To investigate the kinetic effects of NEF on C3b.Bb and complement binding to erythrocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a hemolytic assay (HA) for C3 nephritic factor (NEF) detection.

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  • Compared HA with crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CI).
  • Studied kinetic effects of NEF on C3b.Bb bound to sheep erythrocytes and complement binding.

    • Main Results:

    • The HA demonstrated higher specificity, yielding negative results in sera with immune complexes, SLE, and IgG aggregates, unlike CI.
    • HA detected NEF in patients with slightly low C3 levels and those negative by CI, indicating superior sensitivity.
    • HA exhibited significantly better reproducibility (interassay CV 10.7%, intra-assay CV 5.5%) compared to CI (interassay CV 64%, intra-assay CV 28%).

    Conclusions:

    • The hemolytic assay (HA) is a reliable, specific, sensitive, and reproducible method for detecting C3 nephritic factor (NEF).
    • HA offers advantages over traditional CI, particularly in diagnosing complement-mediated kidney diseases.
    • The HA facilitates further studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of NEF activity in the complement system.