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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance01:09

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Hepatic clearance refers to the volume of blood cleared of a drug by the liver per unit of time. It plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and elimination. While hepatic clearance is commonly estimated by subtracting renal clearance from total body clearance, other pathways, such as pulmonary or biliary clearance, may also contribute. However, these pathways are generally less significant than hepatic and renal clearance.
Most drugs undergo restrictive clearance, which is proportional to the...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
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Hepatic cortical blindness.

Junrong Xu1, Jie Hao2, Yi Gao3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|May 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatic cortical blindness, a rare complication of hepatic encephalopathy, affects vision temporarily. Early detection and treatment of the underlying liver condition are crucial for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Case reportsChronic liver failureCortical blindnessHepatic encephalopathyReview literature

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hepatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of liver dysfunction.
  • Hepatic cortical blindness (HCB) is an uncommon manifestation of HE, with limited epidemiological data.
  • The exact pathophysiology linking liver disease to visual disturbances remains under investigation.

Observation:

  • A case of a 37-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and IgA nephropathy presenting with transient visual impairment after high-protein meals.
  • Review of global literature identified few documented cases of HCB from inception to August 2019.
  • HCB incidence is low, and diagnosis is often delayed due to its episodic nature and reliance on symptomatic presentation.

Findings:

  • HCB typically presents as complete blindness, with recovery periods ranging from 10 minutes to one month.
  • Patients may experience recurrent episodes of vision loss.
  • The diagnosis hinges on clinical symptoms and exclusion of other causes of visual impairment.

Implications:

  • Prompt recognition of HCB is essential for timely management of hepatic encephalopathy.
  • Effective treatment of the underlying liver disease may prevent further episodes of visual loss.
  • Further research into HCB epidemiology and pathophysiology is warranted to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies.