Aqueous Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly for the Synthesis of Ketone-Functionalized Nano-Objects with Low...

Efficient synthesis of functionalized, uniform polymer nano-objects in water with controlled morphologies in one step and at high concentrations is extremely attractive, from perspectives of both materials applications and industrial scale-up. Herein, we report a novel formulation for aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization based on polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) to synthesize ketone-functionalized nanospheres and vesicles. Significantly, the core-forming block was composed entirely of a ketone-containing polymer from a commodity monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM), resulting in a high density of ketone functionality in the nano-objects. Producing uniform vesicles represents another challenge both in PISA and in the traditional self-assembly process. Aiming at producing uniform nano-objects, especially vesicles, in such a highly efficient aqueous PISA process, we devised strategies to allow sufficient time for the in situ generated polymers to relax and reorganize into vesicles with a remarkably low polydispersity. Specifically, both reducing the radical initiator concentration and lowering the polymerization temperature were shown to be effective for improving the uniformity of vesicles. Such an efficient, aqueous PISA to produce functionalized and uniform nano-objects with controlled morphologies at solid contents up to 20% represents important progress in the field.