Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.7K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.7K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.7K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

8.9K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of Sequence Distributions in Random and Semi-Random Copolymers.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Branched-Tail Lipid Nanoparticles for Intravenous mRNA Delivery to Lung Immune, Endothelial, and Alveolar Cells in Mice.

Advanced healthcare materials·2024
Same author

Salt Effects on the Phase Behavior and Cocrystallization Kinetics of POCB-Water Mixtures.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2024
Same author

The mixing method used to formulate lipid nanoparticles affects mRNA delivery efficacy and organ tropism.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2023
Same author

<i>Cis</i>-Selective Metathesis to Enhance the Living Character of Ring-Opening Polymerization: An Approach to Sequenced Copolymers.

ACS macro letters·2022
Same author

Chemical and Electrochemical Manipulation of Mechanical Properties in Stimuli-Responsive Copper-Cross-Linked Hydrogels.

ACS macro letters·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K

Sequence-Controlled Copolymers Prepared via Entropy-Driven Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization.

Ryan M Weiss1, Amy L Short1, Tara Y Meyer1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A novel entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) method enables precise synthesis of sequenced polymers from lactic acid, glycolic acid, and caprolactone. This approach allows for controlled molecular weights and tailored polymer sequences.

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.2K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Macromolecular Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Controlled synthesis of sequenced polymers is crucial for advanced material applications.
  • Existing methods often lack versatility or precise control over sequence and molecular weight.
  • The development of new polymerization techniques is essential for creating novel macromolecular architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general synthetic approach for producing sequenced macromolecules.
  • To synthesize copolymers with specific sequences of lactic acid, glycolic acid, and ε-caprolactone units.
  • To achieve controlled molecular weights and well-defined polymer structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP).
  • Prepared cyclic macromonomer precursors via ring-closing metathesis of ethylene glycol-linked oligomers.
  • Employed Grubbs' second generation catalyst for ED-ROMP and subsequent hydrogenation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized sequenced copolymers including poly(CL-Eg-LC-Oed), poly(CLL-Eg-LLC-Oed), poly(LGL-Eg-LGL-Oed), and poly(LGL-Eg-LGL-Hed).
  • Achieved well-controlled molecular weights (26-60 kDa) with low dispersities (1.1-1.3).
  • Demonstrated the generality of the method for three different sequences and two metathesis groups.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ED-ROMP methodology provides a versatile and efficient route to sequenced polymers.
  • This approach offers precise control over polymer sequence and molecular weight.
  • The synthesized polymers hold potential for various advanced material applications requiring tailored macromolecular structures.