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Updated: Sep 22, 2025
Novel Methods for Intranasal Administration Under Inhalation Anesthesia to Evaluate Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Published on: November 14, 2018
Brain uptake and distribution patterns of 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin after intrathecal and intranasal
William A Banks1,2, Pericles Calias3, Kim M Hansen1,2
1Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objectives:
Cyclodextrins are increasingly used therapeutically. For example, 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (kleptose) is used for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease. Kleptose crosses the blood-brain barrier poorly, in part because of a central nervous system (CNS)-to-blood (efflux) transporter, and so is administered by the intrathecal (IT) route in the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease.
Methods:
Here, we evaluated the uptake and distribution of kleptose by the brain and spinal cord after intranasal (IN) or IT delivery.
Key Findings:
Kleptose distributed to all regions of the brain and spinal cord after IN administration, with only 3.27% of the administered dose entering the bloodstream. Intrathecal delivery produced levels in the whole brain about 40 times higher than intranasal administration and about 20 times higher than previously found after intravenous administration. About 70-90% of the IT dose rapidly entered the bloodstream, in part because of the previously described efflux transporter. The uptake by CNS after IN and IT was both non-saturable. The uptake by the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and pons-medulla was favoured by all routes of administration.
Conclusions:
Kleptose was taken up by all regions of the CNS after either IN or IT administration, but IN administration resulted in only a fraction of the uptake of the IT route.
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