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Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...
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Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions
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Sticking to starch.

Harry Brumer1

  • 1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Resistant starches, undigested dietary components, feed gut bacteria. A recent study reveals molecular mechanisms of how a key gut bacterium attaches to and ferments these resistant starches.

Keywords:
Ruminococcusamylosomecarbohydrate-active enzymeshuman gut microbiotaresistant starch

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Resistant starches are dietary polysaccharides that evade digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  • These starches reach the large intestine, serving as a crucial nutrient source for the gut microbiota.
  • The interaction between resistant starches and gut bacteria influences host and microbial metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which gut bacteria adhere to resistant starches.
  • To understand the initial steps in the breakdown and fermentation of resistant starches by gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular biology techniques to investigate bacterial adhesion mechanisms.
  • Focused on a keystone bacterium within the human gut microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Provided novel molecular insights into the adherence process of a specific gut bacterium to resistant starches.
  • Identified key interactions preceding the breakdown and fermentation of resistant starches.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers a deeper understanding of the initial interactions between gut bacteria and resistant starches.
  • This research highlights the importance of bacterial adhesion in utilizing dietary resistant starches and its impact on gut ecosystem dynamics.