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Risk Factors and Outcomes for COVID-19 in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A

Olga Vera-Lastra1,2,3, Erik Cimé-Aké1,2, Alberto Ordinola Navarro1,2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Antonio Fraga Mouret National Medical Center, La Raza, México City, Mexico.

The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ
|May 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Patients with autoimmune disease (AID) experienced better outcomes during COVID-19 infection compared to controls. Anticoagulant therapy was linked to reduced mortality in AID patients with COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) face increased mortality risk from COVID-19 due to comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapies.
  • Understanding the specific risks and outcomes for AID patients with COVID-19 is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the risk factors and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without autoimmune diseases (AID).
  • To identify predictors of severe disease and mortality in the context of COVID-19 and AID.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study design was employed, comparing 113 COVID-19 patients with AID to 113 matched controls.
  • Data collected included clinical characteristics, biochemical markers, immunological treatments, and outcomes such as hospitalization duration, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune disease patients exhibited lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen, along with reduced rates of IMV and lower in-hospital mortality compared to controls.
  • Low oxygen saturation (SaO2 ≤ 88%) at hospitalization was a significant risk factor for IMV and in-hospital mortality.
  • Anticoagulant therapy demonstrated a protective effect, associated with lower death rates in the AID group.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) demonstrated more favorable outcomes when infected with COVID-19 compared to non-AID controls.
  • Anticoagulation emerged as a key factor associated with reduced mortality among AID patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Abstract

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