Quantification of Internal Medicine Resident Inpatient Care Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database

Objective Quantification of patient encounters during internal medicine residency training is challenging. At present, there are no established strategies for evaluating the whole inpatient experience in Japan. We hypothesized that the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database, which is widely used in Japan, might be a useful tool for such an evaluation. Methods We analyzed DPC-based patient encounters of five senior residents with different types of training. One of the diseases on receipt computation data, including the four main diseases and at most eight comorbidities, was matched with each category in the Online system for Standardized Log of Evaluation and Registration of specialty training system (J-OSLER), and the match ratios were assessed. The accumulation of each disease classified into J-OSLER categories was also assessed. Monthly extra working hours and total patient-days per resident were evaluated using a Pearson correlation analysis. Results Two residents with two-year rotations in the general internal medicine department showed high numbers of patient encounters and the highest matching ratio with J-OSLER (approximately 60% with 4 major diseases, 91% with all diseases). There was a moderately positive correlation between the total patient-days and extra working hours in these residents, but no such correlation was noted in the rate of monthly patient encounters and extra working hours among residents as a whole. Conclusion The DPC-based quantification of patient encounters during residency training appears effective in evaluating the coverage of the current J-OSLER list. Owing to its wide availability and generalization, this matching method may be useful as a universal tool for assessing internal medicine programs.