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[Systematic reviews in five steps: IV. Summarizing the evidence].

K Saeed Khan1, A Bueno-Cavanillas1, J Zamora2

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Granada, Granada, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP-Spain).

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Summary

This article explains how to synthesize findings from systematic reviews by tabulating study characteristics and effects. It covers statistical methods for exploring heterogeneity and assessing its clinical and methodological reasons for meta-analysis feasibility.

Keywords:
Evaluación de calidadEvidence summaryHeterogeneidadHeterogeneityMeta-analysisMetaanálisisQuality assessmentRevisión sistemáticaSystematic reviewSíntesis de resultados

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Evidence Synthesis
  • Biostatistics

Context:

  • Systematic reviews are crucial for evidence-based medicine.
  • Synthesizing diverse study data presents significant challenges.
  • Understanding heterogeneity is key to reliable systematic reviews.

Purpose:

  • To demonstrate methods for compiling and summarizing results from studies within a systematic review.
  • To guide researchers in synthesizing extracted data, including study characteristics, quality, and effect sizes.
  • To provide insights into assessing clinical and methodological reasons for heterogeneity.

Summary:

  • The process involves tabulating characteristics and quality of included studies alongside their effect sizes or association magnitudes.
  • Statistical methods are employed to investigate inter-study differences and identify sources of inconsistency.
  • The degree of heterogeneity determines the feasibility of conducting overall or subgroup meta-analyses.

Impact:

  • Enables more robust and transparent synthesis of evidence from multiple studies.
  • Facilitates informed decisions regarding the appropriateness of meta-analysis.
  • Improves the critical appraisal of systematic review findings by addressing heterogeneity effectively.