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Testing Visual Binding by the TMA-93 in People Aged 75 and Over.

Ernesto García-Roldán1, José Enrique Arriola-Infante1, Carlota Méndez-Barrio2

  • 1Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.

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Summary

The TMA-93 test for Alzheimer's disease shows preserved performance in individuals aged 75 and over, even with lower education. This research extends normative data for older adults, aiding early dementia screening.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseTMA-93bindingelderlyilliteratenormative data

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The TMA-93 test assesses relational binding using images and is a biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.
  • Existing normative data for the TMA-93 does not adequately represent the elderly population, a demographic at high risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the normative data of the TMA-93 test for individuals aged 75 and older.
  • To provide updated reference data for the TMA-93 in an elderly cohort.

Main Methods:

  • An extension of the Spanish TMA-93 normative study included 431 cognitively unimpaired participants aged 75 and over.
  • Socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education) were recorded.
  • Histograms, median comparisons, and linear regression analyses identified influential variables and generated percentile-based reference data.

Main Results:

  • The study included 657 participants aged 75-93, with data stratified by age groups (75-79 and ≥80) and educational attainment.
  • Participants achieved a minimum TMA-93 score of 26/30 at the 50th percentile across all strata.
  • Performance varied by education level, with the 10th percentile score ranging from 19/30 (less educated) to 24/30 (more educated).

Conclusions:

  • Performance on the TMA-93 is generally preserved in cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 75 and over, though influenced by education levels.
  • The extended normative data can aid in the screening of elderly patients experiencing memory complaints.
  • The TMA-93 test can facilitate the early detection of cognitive decline in older adults.