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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Predictive Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer.

Elisabetta Macerola1, Anello Marcello Poma1, Paola Vignali1

  • 1Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Oncology
|May 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Predictive biomarkers are crucial for identifying patients who will benefit from targeted cancer drugs. New selective therapies for advanced thyroid cancer necessitate molecular tumor characterization to guide treatment selection.

Keywords:
molecular markermolecular pathologypredictive markertargeted therapythyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular pathology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Targeted drugs in advanced thyroid cancer historically included multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) primarily targeting MAPK and angiogenic pathways.
  • These older TKIs often did not require extensive molecular profiling for patient selection.
  • The landscape of thyroid cancer treatment is evolving with the introduction of new, selective targeted drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current targeted treatments for advanced thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss the predictive biomarkers associated with these targeted therapies.
  • To outline the various methodologies used for molecular characterization of thyroid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on targeted therapies and predictive biomarkers in thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of diagnostic strategies and molecular testing methodologies.
  • Categorization of alterations (e.g., single nucleotide variation, gene rearrangement).

Main Results:

  • The advent of new selective targeted drugs is shifting diagnostic paradigms in thyroid cancer.
  • Molecular characterization of tumors is becoming essential for personalized treatment selection.
  • Various testing methodologies exist, chosen based on the type and number of alterations to be assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive biomarkers are key to optimizing targeted therapy selection in molecular pathology.
  • Advanced thyroid cancer treatment is increasingly reliant on molecular profiling for efficacy.
  • Understanding available testing methodologies is crucial for implementing personalized medicine approaches in thyroid cancer.