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Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications.

Hamdi Nsairat1, Dima Khater2, Usama Sayed3

  • 1Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan.

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Liposomes are versatile nanocarriers for drug delivery, offering enhanced solubility and targeted release. This review details their structure, preparation, and clinical uses in treating diseases like cancer and infections.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutics

Background:

  • Liposomes are widely used nanocarriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity.
  • They enhance drug solubility, controlled distribution, and allow surface modifications for targeted and sustained release.
  • Liposome evolution spans from conventional to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of liposomes in drug delivery.
  • To describe the structure, composition, and preparation methods of liposomes.
  • To highlight the clinical applications and approved liposomal drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of liposome structure and properties.
  • Analysis of liposome composition and preparation techniques.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and approved liposomal formulations.

Main Results:

  • Liposomes demonstrate significant advantages as nanocarriers for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs.
  • Surface modifications enable targeted, prolonged, and sustained drug release.
  • Numerous liposomal formulations are clinically approved for cancer, fungal, and viral infections, with more in advanced trials.

Conclusions:

  • Liposomes represent a mature and evolving nanocarrier technology with broad therapeutic potential.
  • Their versatility in structure and function supports diverse drug delivery strategies.
  • Continued research and clinical development underscore the importance of liposomes in modern medicine.