A multicompartment mathematical model based on host immunity for dissecting COVID-19 heterogeneity
Jianwei Li1, Jianghua Wu2,3, Jingpeng Zhang1
1School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Heliyon
|May 23, 2022
Summary
This study models COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, revealing early lymphopenia linked to lymphocyte movement and prolonged cases to myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mathematical modeling explains COVID-19 severity variations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Mathematical Biology
- Virology
Background:
- COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) exhibits significant heterogeneity in disease severity.
- The underlying immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection requires further elucidation.
- Understanding immune system dynamics is crucial for explaining COVID-19 variations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically analyze the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To develop a mathematical model integrating immune cell and cytokine trafficking.
- To elucidate the determinants of COVID-19 heterogeneity.
Main Methods:
- Construction of a multicompartment mathematical model based on immunological principles.
- Integration of immune cell and cytokine trafficking among lymphoid organs, blood, and lungs.
- Analysis of immune responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Main Results:
- Early-stage lymphopenia is associated with lymphocyte chemotaxis.
- Prolonged lymphopenia in critical cases correlates with myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
- Insufficient SARS-CoV-2-specific T/B cell pools and impaired antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation predict delayed immunity and higher viral load.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a systemic view of host immunity dynamics following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Mathematical modeling offers insights into the heterogeneity of COVID-19.
- Key immune factors influencing disease severity have been identified.
More Related Videos
09:02An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
Published on: February 17, 2014
20.0K
10:30Author Spotlight: Developing a Microfluidic Lung-on-Chip Model for In-Depth Study of Human Immune Response and Infection Mechanisms
Published on: May 31, 2024
1.6K
Related Concept Videos
01:14Multicompartment Models: Overview
266
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
266
01:14Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model
2.5K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
2.5K
01:20Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model
6.1K
The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
6.1K
01:14Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models
220
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
220
01:23Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis
89
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
89
01:05Two-Compartment Open Model: Overview
260
Multicompartmental models are crucial tools in pharmacokinetics, providing a framework to understand how drugs move within the body. The two-compartment model is a crucial subtype, segmenting the body into central and peripheral compartments. The central compartment represents areas with high blood flow, such as plasma and highly perfused organs like the kidneys and liver, while the peripheral compartment signifies tissues with lower blood flow, like adipose tissue and muscle tissue.
The...
The...
260