Feedomics provides bidirectional omics strategies between genetics and nutrition for improved production in cattle

Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of cattle production is an effective way to produce valuable animal proteins for a growing human population. Genetics and nutrition are the 2 major research topics in selecting cattle with beneficial phenotypes and developing genetic potentials for improved performance. There is an inextricable link between genetics and nutrition, which urgently requires researchers to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms to optimize cattle production. Feedomics integrates a range of omic techniques to reveal the mechanisms at different molecular levels related to animal production and health, which can provide novel insights into the relationships of genes and nutrition/nutrients. In this review, we summarized the applications of feedomics techniques to reveal the effect of genetic elements on the response to nutrition and investigate how nutrients affect the functional genome of cattle from the perspective of both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. We highlighted the roles of rumen microbiome in the interactions between host genes and nutrition. Herein, we discuss the importance of feedomics in cattle nutrition research, with a view to ensure that cattle exhibit the best production traits for human consumption from both genetic and nutritional aspects.