Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

59.4K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
59.4K
Infection01:20

Infection

8.8K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
8.8K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.8K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.8K
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

4.1K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.1K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

1.5K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.5K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

12.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting trajectories of illness using RNA velocity of whole blood.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Understandings and applications of self-compassion and self-coldness among Hazaras in Australia: a qualitative study.

Australian journal of psychology·2025
Same author

A qualitative study into the psychological effects of acting work among Australian-based actors.

Australian journal of psychology·2025
Same author

Crystal structure of coagulation factor XII N-terminal domains 1-5.

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology·2025
Same author

Characteristics of Ra-226 particles from legacy contamination and implications for radiological protection.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Host gene expression signatures to identify infection type and organ dysfunction in children evaluated for sepsis: a multicentre cohort study.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

4.3K

How quickly can you catch covid-19 again?

Clare Wilson

    New Scientist (1971)
    |May 23, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Prior infection offers some protection against reinfection, but the duration and certainty of mild illness remain uncertain. Further research is needed to understand long-term immunity and reinfection severity.

    More Related Videos

    Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
    09:02

    Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

    Published on: September 22, 2023

    1.6K
    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
    03:53

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

    Published on: November 10, 2023

    1.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

    Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
    07:13

    Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

    Published on: April 9, 2021

    4.3K
    Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
    09:02

    Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

    Published on: September 22, 2023

    1.6K
    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
    03:53

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

    Published on: November 10, 2023

    1.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Understanding the duration and efficacy of natural immunity following infection is crucial for public health strategies.
    • Previous infections may confer partial protection against subsequent disease episodes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the protective effects of a prior infection against subsequent infections.
    • To determine the duration of this protective immunity.
    • To assess whether reinfections are consistently milder than primary infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing epidemiological data and clinical studies on reinfection rates and severity.
    • Analysis of immune responses in individuals with prior infection.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests that a prior infection provides a degree of protection against reinfection.
    • The exact duration of this protection is not yet clearly established.
    • It is uncertain whether all subsequent infections will be milder than the initial one.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural immunity offers some benefit, but its longevity and the guaranteed mildness of reinfections require further investigation.
    • Longitudinal studies are necessary to fully characterize the long-term protective immunity and reinfection patterns.