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Subjective cognitive decline and self-reported sleep problems: The SCIENCe project.

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Sleep problems are common in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), linked to worse mental health but not biomarkers. Improving sleep may alleviate cognitive complaints in these individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) affects many individuals seeking memory clinic services.
  • Sleep disturbances are frequently reported but their specific impact in SCD requires further investigation.
  • Understanding the relationship between sleep problems and cognitive/biological markers is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and nature of sleep issues in memory clinic patients with SCD.
  • To examine associations between sleep problems and cognitive function, mental health, and specific biomarkers (MRI, CSF).
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for managing cognitive complaints in SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 308 participants in the Subjective Cognitive Impairment Cohort (SCIENCe) project.
  • Administered the Berlin Questionnaire for sleep apnea and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality.
  • Conducted standardized memory clinic assessments including cognitive tests, brain MRI, and CSF biomarker analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of SCD patients (64%) reported sleep problems, with high rates of suspected sleep apnea (35%) and poor sleep quality (53%).
  • Individuals with sleep problems exhibited higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-reported cognitive decline.
  • No significant differences in cognitive test performance, brain MRI findings, or CSF biomarkers were observed between groups with and without sleep problems.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbances, including sleep apnea and poor sleep quality, are highly prevalent in memory clinic patients with SCD.
  • Sleep problems in SCD are associated with poorer mental health and greater subjective cognitive complaints.
  • Targeting sleep quality and behaviors presents a promising, non-invasive strategy for alleviating cognitive concerns in individuals with SCD.