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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

45.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

9.7K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.7K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
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Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

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An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19.

Kobi Snitz1, Danielle Honigstein1, Reut Weissgross1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Communications Medicine
|May 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new online olfactory screening tool uses household odors to detect COVID-19. This method accurately identifies COVID-19 status, even in asymptomatic individuals, aiding pandemic control.

Keywords:
Olfactory systemSigns and symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Public Health
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Effective COVID-19 pandemic control hinges on widespread screening strategies.
  • Traditional screening methods face logistical challenges with specimen transport and collection.
  • Olfactory impairment is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, prompting novel diagnostic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a perceptual measure of olfaction for COVID-19 screening.
  • To create a real-time, accessible screening tool leveraging household odorants and online ratings.
  • To assess the correlation between olfactory perception and COVID-19 status at both national and individual levels.

Main Methods:

  • Participants selected 5 household items and rated odor pleasantness/intensity online.
  • An "olfactory perceptual fingerprint" was derived from individual odor ratings.
  • The tool was tested on 13,484 participants from 134 countries, including 462 COVID-19 positive cases.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory ratings correlated significantly with national COVID-19 infection rates.
  • The screen demonstrated high individual diagnostic accuracy: 79% sensitivity and 87% specificity.
  • The tool was effective in detecting COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals and identifying COVID-19 negative individuals with symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • The odorant-based olfactory screen can augment online symptom checkers as a first-line defense.
  • This tool has the potential to aid disease progression management at a population level.
  • Data generated may enhance understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction.