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MicroRNAs01:22

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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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CircRNA-miRNA interactions in atherogenesis.

Kind-Leng Tong1, Ke-En Tan2, Yat-Yuen Lim2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|May 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in atherogenesis, the development of atherosclerosis. This review details circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions driving cardiovascular disease progression.

Keywords:
AtherogenesisAtherosclerosisCircular RNAEndothelial dysfunctionmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis, a primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), involves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and foam cell formation are key pathogenic events.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on circRNAs involved in atherogenesis.
  • To analyze the complex circRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions in the context of atherosclerosis.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and discuss the clinical relevance of these circRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies on circRNAs in atherogenesis.
  • Analysis of reported circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks.
  • Discussion of the mechanistic roles and clinical implications of identified circRNAs.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs function primarily by sponging miRNAs, thereby modulating mRNA expression.
  • Specific circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes have been linked to key atherogenic processes.
  • Evidence highlights the involvement of circRNAs in EC dysfunction, VSMC activation, and foam cell formation.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are significant regulators of atherogenesis through intricate molecular interactions.
  • Understanding these circRNA networks offers potential therapeutic targets for CAD.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical utility of circRNAs in cardiovascular medicine.