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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Self-reported executive function problems in adults born very low birthweight.

Hyun Min Kim1, L John Horwood2, Sarah L Harris3

  • 1Canterbury Child Development Research Group, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
|May 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults born very low birthweight (VLBW) experience persistent executive function difficulties into their late twenties. These challenges are linked to poorer socio-economic outcomes, impacting adult life opportunities.

Keywords:
BRIEFadultexecutive functionoutcomevery low birthweightvery preterm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) challenges are prevalent in children born very preterm and/or very low birthweight (VLBW).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the persistence of these EF difficulties into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and pattern of self-reported executive functioning in adults born VLBW at ages 23 and 28.
  • To examine the association between executive function difficulties and socio-economic outcomes in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A national cohort study followed adults born VLBW and a comparison group of full-term (FT) born adults from age 23 to 28.
  • Executive functioning was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A).
  • Semi-parametric models analyzed the effects of age and group on executive function and its socio-economic correlates.

Main Results:

  • VLBW adults exhibited significantly higher risks of impairment in behavior regulation, meta-cognition, and global functioning compared to FT adults at both 23 and 28 years.
  • Impaired global executive functioning in VLBW adults was associated with lower socio-economic status and reduced home ownership by age 28.
  • These associations remained significant after controlling for sex, ethnicity, and parental socio-economic background.

Conclusions:

  • Adults born VLBW experience persistent executive function difficulties into young adulthood.
  • These executive function deficits are negatively associated with socio-economic opportunities, highlighting long-term implications for this population.