Structural Stability and Antigenicity of Universal Equine H3N8 Hemagglutinin Trimer upon Release from Polyanhydride...

Seasonal influenza A virus infections present substantial costs to both health and economic resources each year. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide suboptimal protection and require annual reformulation to match circulating strains. In this work, a recombinant equine H3N8 hemagglutinin trimer (rH3₃) known to generate cross-protective antibodies and protect animals against sublethal, heterologous virus challenge was used as a candidate vaccine antigen. Nanoadjuvants such as polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer hydrogels have been shown to be effective adjuvants, inducing both rapid and long-lived protective immunity against influenza A virus. In this work, polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer hydrogels were used to provide sustained release of the novel rH3₃ while also facilitating the retention of its structure and antigenicity. These studies lay the groundwork for the development of a novel universal influenza A virus nanovaccine by combining the equine H3N8 rH3₃ and polymeric nanoadjuvant platforms.