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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.

C N Scholfield1, Neti Waranuch2, Chuenjid Kongkaew3,4,5

  • 1Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
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This summary is machine-generated.

Topical CBD formulations lack robust evidence for efficacy and safety. New clinical trials are essential to validate CBD

Keywords:
CBDcannabidiolpharmacokineticsskin-applied formulationssystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Systematic review assessing efficacy and safety of topical Cannabidiol (CBD) formulations.
  • Limited high-quality human trials exist for skin-applied CBD products.

Approach:

  • Searched bibliographic and clinical trial registries for interventional human trials using cutaneously administered CBD.
  • Analyzed eight eligible studies, noting high risk of bias and reporting deficiencies.

Key Points:

  • Diverse methodologies and formulations hinder synthesis of CBD dose, efficacy, and safety data.
  • Achievable free CBD plasma concentrations may interact with high-affinity targets like TRPA1 and TRPM8.
  • Adverse events were mild but difficult to attribute solely to CBD.

Conclusions:

  • Current trials inadequately support generalization to all CBD preparations.
  • Urgent need for well-designed clinical trials demonstrating CBD-specific outcomes, safety, and plasma levels.
  • Preliminary in vitro studies are needed to optimize CBD skin penetration for topical and transcutaneous formulations.