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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

1.1K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
1.1K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

555
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

21.6K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
21.6K
Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

8.0K
Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free...
8.0K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

696
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
696
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

494
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
494

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A single-atom library for guided monometallic and concentration-complex multimetallic designs.

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Researchers created the largest library of single-atom catalysts, spanning 37 elements. This work reveals design principles for atomically dispersed catalysts and unlocks complex multimetallic materials for advanced catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer unique catalytic properties by isolating metal atoms.
  • Existing knowledge on SACs is limited, especially concerning multimetallic systems.
  • Developing new SACs requires understanding fundamental design principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct the largest library of monometallic single-atom catalysts.
  • To establish unified principles for designing SACs anchored on N-doped carbon.
  • To explore multimetallic single-atom catalyst phase spaces.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of 37 monometallic single-atom catalysts via dissolution-and-carbonization.
  • Characterization and analysis of the catalyst library.
  • In situ studies to determine structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • The largest reported library of single-atom catalysts was established.
  • Unified design principles (oxidation state, coordination, bond length, etc.) were uncovered.
  • Complex multimetallic SACs with up to 12 elements were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive single-atom catalyst library enables rational design.
  • Fundamental principles guide the creation of high-performance SACs.
  • This work expands the scope of SACs to complex multimetallic materials.