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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

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Strongly Phase-Segregating Block Copolymers with Sub-20 nm Features.

Kristian Kempe1,2,3, Kato L Killops4, Justin E Poelma3

  • 1Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study highlights diblock copolymers, polystyrene-block-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-PEtOx), for nanolithography. Researchers achieved dense hexagonal arrays of nanodomains with sub-20 nm periodicity using controlled polymerization and click chemistry.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanolithography

Background:

  • Diblock copolymers offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • Polystyrene-block-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-PEtOx) presents a versatile platform for creating nanostructures.
  • Controlled synthesis is crucial for achieving desired copolymer architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the modular synthesis of PS-b-PEtOx diblock copolymers.
  • To investigate the lithographic potential of these copolymers.
  • To understand the relationship between copolymer characteristics and nanostructure formation.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled radical and living cationic polymerization for block synthesis.
  • "Click" chemistry for efficient block coupling.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) for morphology analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a family of PS-b-PEtOx polymers with varying molar masses and compositions.
  • Demonstrated control over microphase-segregated morphology and orientation in thin films.
  • Achieved dense hexagonal arrays of cylindrical nanodomains with sub-20 nm periodicity.

Conclusions:

  • PS-b-PEtOx diblock copolymers are promising for nanolithographic applications.
  • The synthesis and characterization provide a foundation for designing advanced nanostructures.
  • Precise control over copolymer synthesis enables the formation of highly ordered nanoscale patterns.