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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

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Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
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Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification01:25

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

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Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Fibrous Proteins00:55

Fibrous Proteins

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Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...
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Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder
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Soybean Oil Based Fibers Made Without Solvent or Heat.

Dustin W Janes1, Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan1, Daniel Y Chou1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas-Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.

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Summary

Sustainable thermoset fibers were produced using thiol-ene chemistry and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil. This solvent-free, heat-free method via electrospinning yields high-biobased carbon content fibers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing sustainable materials is crucial for reducing environmental impact.
  • Biobased polymers offer a renewable alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
  • Thermoset materials provide excellent thermal and mechanical stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solvent-free and heat-free method for producing thermoset fibers.
  • To utilize biobased monomers, specifically acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, for fiber fabrication.
  • To investigate the application of thiol-ene chemistry in creating stable thermoset fibers.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous electrospinning and photocuring of a liquid monomer mixture.
  • Utilizing thiol-ene click chemistry for crosslinking.
  • Characterization of fiber morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • Analysis of photochemical conversion kinetics using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Main Results:

  • Production of thermochemically stable thermoset fibers with 50-87 wt% acrylated epoxidized soybean oil.
  • Achieved 49-72% biobased carbon content in the fibers.
  • Fibers exhibited an average diameter of approximately 30 μm.
  • Demonstrated successful photocuring without solvents or heat.

Conclusions:

  • Thiol-ene chemistry is effective for producing high-biobased content thermoset fibers.
  • The developed method is adaptable to other fiber manufacturing techniques like melt blowing and Forcespinning.
  • High-functionality monomers and thiol-ene chemistry are advantageous for creating robust, sustainable fibers.