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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.1K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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Electrochemical Effects in Thermoelectric Polymers.

William B Chang1, Haiyu Fang, Jun Liu2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible thermoelectric devices made from conductive polymers like PEDOT:PSS show promise. Enhancing the Seebeck coefficient through ionic contributions can lead to long-lived thermoelectric performance, overcoming limitations of current materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Thermoelectrics

Background:

  • Conductive polymers, specifically PEDOT:PSS, are promising for flexible thermoelectric devices.
  • The low Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS limits its thermoelectric power factor compared to inorganic materials.
  • High room-temperature ionic conductivity is a key advantage of polymers for thermoelectric applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the short-term increase in Seebeck coefficient in PEDOT:PSS.
  • To understand the role of ionic Seebeck contribution in enhancing thermoelectric properties.
  • To develop strategies for achieving long-lived ionic Seebeck enhancements in conductive polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the electrochemical behavior at the PEDOT:PSS/electrode interface.
  • Controlling electrochemistry to influence ionic Seebeck contributions.
  • Analyzing the duration and magnitude of Seebeck coefficient enhancements.

Main Results:

  • PEDOT:PSS exhibits a significant, albeit short-term, increase in Seebeck coefficient.
  • This enhancement is attributed to a substantial ionic Seebeck contribution.
  • Controlling interfacial electrochemistry allows for modulation of the enhancement duration.

Conclusions:

  • The ionic Seebeck effect in PEDOT:PSS can be harnessed to improve thermoelectric performance.
  • By managing interfacial electrochemistry, long-lived ionic Seebeck enhancements are achievable.
  • This work paves the way for designing advanced flexible thermoelectric materials with tailored properties.