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Croup as a Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection in Young Children

Youn Young Choi1, You Sun Kim1, Seong Yong Lee2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|May 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Young children with COVID-19, particularly during the omicron surge, showed a significant increase in croup cases. Early diagnosis and treatment of croup symptoms in children are crucial for managing coronavirus disease 2019.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Croup, an acute upper airway disease, is typically caused by parainfluenza virus, presenting with barky cough and stridor in children.
  • Inflammation and edema of the upper airways characterize croup, potentially leading to respiratory distress in affected children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of croup in children under 5 years old with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the omicron surge.
  • To compare the proportion of croup cases during the omicron wave versus the delta wave in pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 569 children under 5 years old admitted with COVID-19 to two Seoul hospitals between March 1, 2021, and February 25, 2022.
  • Comparison of croup case proportions during the omicron and delta waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Results:

  • A total of 21 children (3.7%) were diagnosed with croup among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • The proportion of croup cases was significantly higher during the omicron wave (12.4%) compared to the delta wave (1.2%) (P < 0.001).
  • Rapid symptom improvement was observed following the administration of corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine.

Conclusions:

  • The omicron surge was associated with a notable increase in croup cases among young children with COVID-19.
  • Close monitoring for croup symptoms in children is essential for the timely diagnosis and management of COVID-19.
  • Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and epinephrine can effectively manage croup symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenCroupOmicronSARS-CoV-2

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