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Changes in the Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Disease After Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Database

Beom Joon Kim1, Arum Choi2, Hwan Soo Kim1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|May 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 33% decrease in Kawasaki disease (KD) hospitalizations in Korea. While more infants were diagnosed with KD, clinical outcomes and cardiac complications remained unchanged.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Kawasaki disease (KD) incidence and severity is not well understood.
  • This study examines changes in KD cases and associated coronary artery complications in Korea during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number and severity of Kawasaki disease cases.
  • To analyze changes in cardiac complications among pediatric patients with KD during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of patients under 18 years old diagnosed with acute-phase KD from March 2018 to February 2021.
  • Data collected from a Clinical Data Warehouse across five Korean university hospitals.
  • Analysis of patient admissions and clinical characteristics, including cardiac complications, before and after the pandemic's onset.

Main Results:

  • A 33% decrease in KD hospitalizations was observed after March 2020 compared to the preceding two years.
  • Monthly admissions for KD significantly declined by 7.9 patients/month post-pandemic onset.
  • The proportion of KD patients under one year old increased, while refractory KD and cardiac complication rates showed no significant changes.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with a reduced number of Kawasaki disease hospital admissions in Korea.
  • Despite an increased proportion of infant admissions, the clinical course and complication rates for KD did not significantly alter during the pandemic.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenComplicationsCoronavirus Disease 2019Kawasaki Disease

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