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Thallium adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals.

Andreas Voegelin¹, Silvan Wick¹, Numa Pfenninger¹

¹Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland. andreas.voegelin@eawag.ch.

Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts

|May 24, 2022

Summary

Thallium (Tl) adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals, like illite and smectite, is crucial for soil retention and environmental transfer. Tl(I) binding mechanisms on these minerals are similar to cesium and rubidium, suggesting comparable retention concepts.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Geochemistry
Soil Science

Background:

Phyllosilicate minerals are key in retaining thallium (Tl) in soils and sediments.
Understanding Tl(I) adsorption mechanisms is vital for predicting its environmental fate and bioavailability.
Micaceous minerals are known to strongly bind monovalent cations like cesium (Cs).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the adsorption mechanisms of thallium (Tl(I)) onto various phyllosilicate minerals.
To compare Tl(I) adsorption behavior with that of cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb).
To elucidate the role of mineral surfaces and interlayer sites in Tl(I) retention.

Main Methods:

Macroscopic adsorption isotherms were measured for Tl(I) onto illite, smectite, muscovite, vermiculite, and a soil clay fraction.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to characterize the adsorbed Tl species.
Adsorption experiments were conducted using Na- and K-saturated mineral samples.

Main Results:

Three distinct Tl(I) uptake pathways were identified: high-affinity inner-sphere adsorption at frayed edges/collapsed zones, intermediate-affinity inner-sphere adsorption on planar surfaces, and low-affinity adsorption in interlayers.
Tl(I) adsorption at frayed edges and vermiculite interlayers can create new sites for further adsorption.
A shift in Tl(I) uptake from edge to planar sites was observed with increasing Tl(I) loading on the soil clay fraction.

Conclusions:

The adsorption of Tl(I) onto phyllosilicate minerals follows similar trends to Cs and Rb.
Concepts developed for (radio)cesium retention are applicable to understanding Tl(I) behavior in soils, sediments, and rocks.
Phyllosilicate mineralogy significantly influences the dominant Tl(I) adsorption pathways and overall retention capacity.