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Hyperviscosity syndrome in COVID-19 and related vaccines: exploring of uncertainties

Hayder M Al-Kuraishy1, Ali I Al-Gareeb1, Maisra M El-Bouseary2

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|May 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is linked to COVID-19 and vaccines, especially in those with prior infection or metabolic issues. Increased fibrinogen and immunoglobulins may cause HVS, but more research is needed to confirm causality.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a recognized complication of viral infections.
  • COVID-19 and its vaccines have been anecdotally linked to HVS development.
  • HVS can lead to significant cardiovascular and neurological complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review and establish the association between COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines, and the development of HVS.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying HVS in the context of COVID-19 and vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of immunological and hematological factors potentially contributing to HVS.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes associated with HVS in COVID-19 patients.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 can increase blood viscosity (BV) by altering fibrinogen, albumin, lipoproteins, and RBC indices.
  • HVS in COVID-19 is associated with cardiovascular events (MI, stroke) and reduced tissue oxygenation, potentially contributing to long COVID.
  • HVS may occur in vaccine recipients, particularly those with prior COVID-19 or metabolic syndrome, due to elevated immunoglobulin levels.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 and its vaccines are associated with HVS, especially in individuals with prior infection and metabolic derangements.
  • Elevated fibrinogen and immunoglobulins are proposed mechanisms for HVS, with dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammation as contributing factors.
  • Further prospective and retrospective studies are required to definitively establish a causal relationship between COVID-19/vaccines and HVS.

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-19 vaccinationHyperviscosity syndrome

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