Nanocellulose in tissue engineering and bioremediation: mechanism of action

Nanocellulose are nano-sized components which are biodegradable, biocompatible and renewable. It offers mechanical strength and chemical stability in plants and bacteria. The environmental contamination is reduced by employing various bioremediation techniques which usesmicroorganisms like algae, bacteria and fungi as bio-adsorbents. The bio adsorbent property of nanocellulose contribute more for the bioremediation methods and the detailed study of its mechanism and application is essential which is discussed here. The mechanism happening between the contaminant and nanocellulose adsorbent should be explored in detail in order to develop effective new bioremediation strategies. Nanocellulose structural functionalization helps to modify the nanocellulose structure based on which it can be utilized for specific functions. Exploring the mechanisms that contribute to the implementation of nanocellulose in tissue engineering helps for further developments and advancement in the biomedical application of nanocellulose. Not much studies are available that elucidate and study the basic steps involved in the biomedical and environmental usage of nanocellulose. This review has focussed on the basic mechanisms involved in the use of nanocellulose in tissue engineering and bioremediation processes.