Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The protective value of the size and movement components of deimatic behavior.

Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology·2026

Same author

Complementary approaches to measure predation pressure on butterfly populations in Australia.

Royal Society open science·2025

Same author

Global selection on insect antipredator coloration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Mapping the adaptive landscape of Batesian mimicry using 3D-printed stimuli.

Nature·2025

Same author

Tasting opportunity.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Sexual differences in defensive strategies: investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp moth <i>Amata nigriceps</i>.

Royal Society open science·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Published on: December 11, 2012

The peppered moth Biston betularia.

Hannah M Rowland¹, Ilik J Saccheri², John Skelhorn³

¹Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Straße 8, Jena 07745, Germany.

Current Biology : CB

|May 24, 2022

Summary

The peppered moth

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Bradysia coprophila's Unique Biology – A Guide to Laboratory Maintenance

Author Spotlight: Exploring Bradysia coprophila's Unique Biology – A Guide to Laboratory Maintenance

Published on: April 19, 2024

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Tolerance of Cabbage Butterflies to Urban Pollutants

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Tolerance of Cabbage Butterflies to Urban Pollutants

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Published on: December 11, 2012

Author Spotlight: Exploring Bradysia coprophila's Unique Biology – A Guide to Laboratory Maintenance

Author Spotlight: Exploring Bradysia coprophila's Unique Biology – A Guide to Laboratory Maintenance

Published on: April 19, 2024

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Tolerance of Cabbage Butterflies to Urban Pollutants

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Tolerance of Cabbage Butterflies to Urban Pollutants

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Ecology

Background:

The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example in evolutionary biology.
Its changing coloration during the Industrial Revolution provided early evidence for natural selection.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-examine the historical data and ecological factors related to peppered moth industrial melanism.
To highlight the significance of this case study in understanding evolutionary processes.

Main Methods:

Review of historical scientific literature and ecological surveys.
Analysis of population data and environmental changes during the industrial era.

Main Results:

Confirmed the correlation between industrial pollution, moth coloration, and survival rates.
Demonstrated the rapid adaptive changes in peppered moth populations.

Conclusions:

The peppered moth's industrial melanism remains a pivotal illustration of evolution by natural selection.
This case study continues to inform ecological and evolutionary research.