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Entrapment Neuropathies of the Shoulder.

Erin F Alaia¹, Michael S Day², Michael J Alaia³

¹Musculoskeletal Division, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology

|May 24, 2022

Summary

Shoulder entrapment neuropathies commonly affect young athletes due to extreme shoulder mobility. Imaging like X-rays and MRI helps diagnose nerve compression and muscle damage.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Neurology

Background:

Shoulder entrapment neuropathies frequently impact young, athletic individuals.
Overhead athletes are at high risk due to extreme shoulder mobility, especially during abduction and external rotation.
The suprascapular nerve is susceptible to entrapment at the suprascapular or spinoglenoid notch; the axillary nerve at the quadrilateral space.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the common entrapment neuropathies of the shoulder in athletes.
To discuss the anatomical locations prone to nerve entrapment.
To outline the role of diagnostic imaging in evaluating these conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of anatomical predispositions for nerve entrapment in the shoulder.
Discussion of imaging modalities for diagnosis.
Correlation of clinical presentation with imaging findings.

Main Results:

Suprascapular and axillary nerves are most commonly affected.
Radiographs are crucial for identifying underlying pathologies.
MRI is valuable for detecting mass lesions and muscle signal changes indicative of denervation or atrophy.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis of shoulder nerve entrapment is vital for athletic populations.
A combination of clinical evaluation and advanced imaging is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management.
Understanding anatomical vulnerabilities aids in preventing and treating these injuries.